Generally, bird boxes are most successful when natural materials are used, they should be placed close to or around vegetation, if possible and should avoid direct sunlight positions to avoid dehydration of chicks. Perching sticks should also be avoided as magpies and other birds have learnt to rest on these and prise-out chicks and eggs. If possible clean out old nesting material in February to deter pests, but there is no need to use disinfection or any chemicals.
Open Fronted Nest Box (Robin & Spotted Flycatcher)
Robins prefer sheltered, quiet spaces for nesting, often close to ground level (1.5m-2m from the ground). A robin nest box does not have a small entrance hole and is typically open-fronted to mimic natural nesting sites. These boxes can sometimes be used by Wren or Spotted Flycatcher. The boxes should be placed within the cover of a climber or overhanging vegetation, if possible, or leafy areas such as garden hedgerows or in shrubs. Ideally placed in areas with ample insect food, especially during the spring and summer months when robins are nesting. Robin nest boxes are best placed so that the entrance is facing north-east and is sheltered from the prevailing wind and rain. Avoid obvious sun traps, such as south-facing walls.
Wren
Species: Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes). Irish name: Dreolín.
The wren is one of Ireland’s smallest birds and can be found in almost every habitat. They nest in a spherical ball of moss with a small entrance in the side. Wrens will use open fronted or hole fronted (28mm) nest boxes. Nest boxes should be placed close to the ground (1.5m – 2m high) in dense vegetation that has plenty of small insects and larvae for them to feed on. The nest box should be positioned facing a north-eastern direction to avoid harsh weather conditions.
Blue Tit
Species: Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). Irish name: Meantán gorm.
Blue tits use cavities in trees or walls to nest and will readily use nest boxes. They are small cavity-nesting birds that prefer boxes with a small entrance hole (25-28 mm in diameter) to deter larger birds. These boxes should be made of wood or similar natural materials, offering insulation and protection from the elements. Blue tit boxes should be installed in mature woodlands, gardens, or near hedgerows, ideally around 2-4 meters above ground, facing a quiet, sheltered spot. The best time to install these boxes is in early spring before the birds begin nesting, with placement in areas with nearby sources of insects and seeds.
Great Tit
Species: Great Tit (Parus major). Irish name: Meantán mór.
Great tits use cavities in trees or walls to nest and will readily use nest boxes. They are slightly larger than blue tits and require a box with a larger entrance hole (about 32 mm in diameter). Similar to blue tits, they prefer boxes with a solid back and wooden floors to protect against predators. These boxes should be placed in mature gardens, parks, or woodland edges, about 2-4 meters off the ground. They thrive in areas with a good supply of insects, seeds, and trees, especially in spring when they begin to nest. Ideal placement is on a tree trunk or a wooden post facing away from prevailing winds.
House Sparrow
Species: House Sparrow (Passer domesticus). Irish name: Gealbhan binne.
House sparrows are social birds and often nest in colonies. They typically use a cavity in a building, especially under eaves or holes formed by missing brickwork to nest. House sparrows also use nest boxes. Their nest boxes have small, round entrance holes (around 32 mm) and can be designed with several compartments or separate boxes to accommodate multiple pairs. These boxes should be installed in urban, suburban, or agricultural settings near human habitation, such as, gardens, building eaves, barns, or sheds. The box should be placed about 1.5-2 meters off the ground in a sheltered spot, and installation should occur in late winter or early spring to provide shelter for nesting sparrows.
Starling
Species: Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Irish name: Druid.
A widespread bird, found both in the countryside and towns and cities. Starlings are chatty and social birds often found in loose colonies. Starlings use holes or crevices in buildings and in trees to breed. Starlings can also use nest boxes, they require a nest box with a large rounded entrance hole (45mm) and made from thick wood (approx. 15mm) that will provide good insulation. These boxes should be placed under eaves of houses or on mature trees at least 3m from the ground, ideally facing north-east to avoid harsh weather conditions. The boxes should be installed during winter or early spring to allow starlings to find the box ahead of the breeding season.