Department of Finance publishes paper on Ireland’s post-pandemic labour market recovery
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From: Department of Finance
- Published on: 14 August 2025
- Last updated on: 14 August 2025
Analysis highlights that post-pandemic labour market recovery driven by inward migration and increased participation
The Department of Finance has today (Thursday) published a new economic paper entitled Continuity and change: Examining recent trends in the Irish labour market. Five years on from the Covid-19 pandemic, the paper takes stock of the post-pandemic labour market, examining the drivers behind recent employment growth and exploring trends in average hours worked and productivity.
Commenting on the analysis set out in the Report, the Minister for Finance, Paschal Donohoe T.D., said:
“I welcome the analysis published today which outlines the extraordinary recovery of the Irish labour market. Just over five years ago, during the peak of the pandemic, the economic outlook was shrouded in uncertainty with large sections of our economy forced to shut down overnight. At that time, around 1.2 million people were dependent on the State for some form of income or job support, and there was a fear that the pandemic would leave lasting scars on our economy.
“Thankfully, that economic scarring was avoided. Today, the labour market is in a stronger position than before the pandemic with record levels of employment and an unemployment rate below 5 per cent for over three years. As this publication outlines, record levels of female labour force participation have made a significant contribution to our post-pandemic recovery.
“This recovery did not happen by accident. It’s a testament to the remarkable resilience and adaptability of Irish workers and businesses, coupled with decisive policy choices that Government made during that challenging period. These include wage subsidy schemes which maintained the link between employers and employees while containment measures were in place.
“However, while we can rightly acknowledge the significant progress we've achieved over the past five years, now is not the time for complacency. The more uncertain and fragmented global trading environment represents a serious headwind for the Irish economy.
“Against this backdrop, budgetary policy needs to remain sustainable, with a clear focus on spending that drives long-term growth. That is why in the National Development Plan, Government has committed to invest €275 billion into our economy over the next decade, which will boost the productive capacity of our workforce and help ensure continued improvements in living standards for years to come.”
Key insights from the paper include:
- Ireland’s labour market has recovered strongly from the effects of the pandemic, recording robust employment growth since 2021.
- Over 440,000 jobs have been created since Q4 2019, while the unemployment rate has remained below 5 per cent for over three years.
- The key driver of this employment growth has been an expansion of the labour force, through inward migration as well as increased participation.
- While the participation rate of all groups increased, the largest gains were concentrated among cohorts who traditionally have a lower attachment to the labour force, namely women and older workers. Indeed, the female labour force participation rate increased by around 4½ percentage points between 2019 and 2024.
- As labour force growth slows due to an ageing population, productivity will become the primary driver of economic growth in the medium-term.
Ends
Continuity and Change Examining Recent Trends in the Irish Labour Market
Notes to editors:
In general figures presented in the report are based on data up to end-2024.