This call will specifically focus on tackling the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through a One Health approach since resistant bacteria, genetic elements and antibiotics are found in humans, animals and the environment. Declining clinical effectiveness of existing antibiotics together with the low and insufficient number of promising new antibiotics in the pipeline stresses the urgency to understand the mechanisms of emergence and transmission of antibiotic resistance. The European One Health Action Plan against AMR encourages the EU and its Member States to deliver innovative, effective and sustainable responses to AMR, especially to reduce the emergence and spread of AMR inside and outside the EU.